Since 1912, bolt support was first used to support underground tunnels in the Sherez mine in Germany. With its simple structure, convenient construction, low cost, and strong adaptability to engineering, bolt support has been widely used in civil engineering (including mining engineering). For example, the Three Gorges Project, a century long project in China, uses a large number of anchor rods (cables) to maintain the excavated slopes and rock walls during its dam construction. For example, in coal mining in China, the newly excavated tunnel engineering with anchor and shotcrete support measures up to 2000 kilometers per year. However, it is an undeniable fact that the research on the theory of anchor rod support lags behind its engineering application, leading to the use of empirical methods of engineering analogy with low technical requirements, low costs, and easy management in anchor rod support design.
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